Buddhism

Museum has an interesting collection, gathered in Mongolia, China, Korea, Japan, Buryatia. Among the names of many well-known collectors in the history of Russia people, travelers, scientists who cooperated with the East Siberian department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, which, in fact, belonged to the museum.

The first collection of Buddhist worship came to the museum in 50 years in H1H. But the main items on the influx of Buddhism is connected with the activities of GN Potanin - the well-known public figure and a researcher in Central Asia. Various collections were delivered to them from his famous expedition to China, Tibet and Mongolia. In the years 1886-1890 GN Potanin, as governor of VSOIRGO, initiated acquisition Buddhist collections for the museum VSORGO. Thanks to vigorous activity GN Potanin's most valuable contributions brought the museum works of persons who, for your business or personal business have the opportunity to live in China and Mongolia. AD Startsev - son decembrist NA Bestuzheva, merchant and collector of enriched Chinese collection excellent collection of Buddhist bronze plastics. EP Pander - the teacher of Russian language in the Beijing College of Foreign Languages offered the museum a collection of statues of Buddhist deities and Buddhist worship supplies, g.Paderin - Imperial Consul in Beijing - a collection of Chinese books. The eminent persons VSORGO J. Lumbunov, DP Pershin, V. Ptitsyn and others gave the museum as a separate subject, and specifically the whole collection. NI Gomboev - pochmeyster Russian mission in China and his brother D. Gomboev - bandido hambo Lama Gusinoozerskogo datsana made an invaluable contribution to the formation of the collection that the items donated to the museum were either taken from Lama temples, or made in traditional areas of production. For example. DG Gomboev gave the museum, most of which were made in workshops Gusinoozerskogo datsana where to comment buddologa A. Rudnev was its excellent artists. It DG Gomboevu the credit of forming a collection of religious lamaistskoy mystery Tsam-Hural.

In forming the eastern stock Museum attended the priests, missionaries, teachers, Irkutsk Theological Seminary, merchants, civil servants, whose diligence gathered a wonderful collection of objects, many of whom are no longer unique in the field where more than a hundred years ago, they were picked up.

December 28, 1888 Committee VSOIRGO the museum was opened exhibition supplies Buddhist worship "even unprecedented, represented in the completeness of a possible" cause of the device which was the arrival of large collections of Buddhism. And since that time the eastern collection for decades been considered one of the richest and most complete.

In 1971, the famous orientalist EP Stuzhina wrote about it: "The original works of art make up the collection of Buddhist Eastern fund. It /: / most of the work of great expressiveness, high-skill .. " Irkutsk collection of diverse composition. The most numerous is the collection, reflecting the religious views of the Mongols and the Buryats, vividly illustrating one of the varieties of Buddhism - Lamaism. Temples and shrines, it was sculpture and painting images of multiple deities: the Buddha, Bodhisattva, historical and mythological figures of Buddhism, nebozhiteley. These deities portrayed in the form of mercy, and ustrashayuschem, is dire. As a terrible deities lamaizma include so-called dokshity - fierce defenders of the Buddhist faith. It also embodies the very ugly, that kind of ugliness and evil people turn away from them. In the collection of bronze golden statuettes founder of Buddhism Shakyamuni (the Buddha), founder of a new direction in Buddhism - lamaizma Tszonhavy, the god of mercy Avvalokiteshvary (the practice of Buddhism in the Chinese Goddess of Mercy Guan-in), dokshitov: Mahakaly - Chief formidable advocate of Buddhism, Choydzhila - ruler underground kingdom, and the judge died, Baldan-Lhamo - the protector of Lhasa and other deities of the vast pantheon of gods.

The original works of art make up the collection of Buddhist icons of our museum. According to the EP Stuzhinoy "The collection of Buddhist icons of the museum is small, but its merits can compete with the best examples of the Hermitage." The collection includes about 100 objects of great historical and cultural value, clearly indicating a strong identity and the art of the peoples of Central Asia.

The museum collection of icons-tank - is not craft an image of Buddha and its satellites, and most of the work of great expressiveness, high-skill. All of the tank because of the historical circumstances have religious themes. The world images of Buddhist mythology is huge and because of our collection we will select the best-known stories. Of the huge number of gods, some of the most distinguished people understood and loved ones for him. And their images more often found in the iconography. This Shakyamuni, White Tara, Green Tara, Ayushi, Namsaraev and others.

Among the most valuable collections of Buddhist IOKM certainly include the collection, describing the religious church holidays - the mystery tsam. We know that in the lamasery in Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, Mongolia, Tuva, Kalmykia, Buryatia annually on several occasions arranged as explained Lama Church, in order to subdue demons and evil spirits religious presentation - mystery or pantomime tsam. Characters tsama - deities and supernatural beings, whose role is performed by Lama, dressed in fancy dresses and large masks.

tsame in costumes and masks of the actors are held great meaning. So now, when the tradition of performance tsama almost lost (except for the Tibetan Buddhist monasteries), has become a valuable museum objects associated with this misteriey. In the museum's collections of costumes, masks actors mystery, their attributes, as well as musical instruments orchestras Islamic monasteries of Mongolia and Buryatia.

objects of worship of the followers of traditional Chinese exercises - Taoism, Buddhism and the Chinese, the other is in the collections of the museum. One of the most popular deities in Buddhism is Avalokiteshvara - China - Guan-in-pusa. This goddess is known as "the great mercy, a great compassion." She was worshiped as well daosisty, and in his description of Buddhist deities they echoed talking about transformations, of purity, wisdom and chudodeystvennoy force. The most typical and popular image of the goddess is a graceful image of a beautiful woman, dressed in drop-down white mantle with a child in her arms. The most successful tool for translating the image of Guan-in Chinese porcelain thought, this material is in the hands of skilled craftsmen to pass softness, gracefulness and plasticity of the goddess of mercy. The collection of our museum, there are also images Guan.in silk.

Popular Groups of heroes in the Chinese Daoist mythology is the "eight immortals". They figured the image can be found in bronze and stone, and ivory, and embroidered in different weaving products. The collection of our museum pieces are stored "eight immortals" made in tissue engineering applications.

In the early twentieth century Irkutsk museum has a substantial collection of Japanese. She studied, catalog by the museum, some exhibits used in the lectures East VA-known researcher and expert on Buddhism Obruchevym IA Podgorbunskim.

In the area of religious beliefs in Japan, and China is characterized by a religious syncretism - worship deities Shinto and Buddhist pantheon. In the vast pantheon of deities, and included local religions. In Japan, widely distributed cult sitifukudzin - the seven gods of happiness and good luck. This cult formed in the XVI-XVII centuries and is still preserved in the popular cult Japanese home villages. Among these deities Daykoku - the god of happiness and well-being - a village rich man, often depicted with a bag of rice and kolotushkoy success in their hands.